System introduction
One of the problems related to public health and the environment, which is an integral part of human life, is waste, which is produced in society. According to the law on waste management and their division in national law, waste has different types, one of the most sensitive of which is , Hospital or medical waste. Existence of toxic or pathogenic dangerous factors such as pathological substances, chemical drugs and radioactive has caused the attitude and management of this type of waste to be seen with special precision and delicacy. According to the management process from the time of production to the time of disposal or incineration of this type of waste, the measures taken can be divided into two parts, each of which has its own executor:
1- Intra-organizational measures (within the hospital or medical center)
2- Extra-organizational measures (outside the hospital or medical center)
Municipal Waste Management Organization according to the "Rules and Methods of Executive Management of Medical Waste and Related Waste" in the Infrastructure Affairs Commission of Industry and Environment in March 2007 at the suggestion of the Environmental Protection Organization in September 2007 according to law Waste Management Approved in 2004 In line with the approvals of the Supreme Administrative Council in July 2007, approved and announced "Rules and Methods of Executive Management of Medical Waste and Related Waste".
Many of the management activities in this area have been delegated to medical waste producers, with hospitals and other health care institutions having special responsibilities in relation to their production waste. The adverse effects that these wastes have on the environment and public health can only be achieved by using proper waste management in order to achieve a safe and secure environment. Proper waste management is an integral part of hospital health and fighting infection.
In order to prevent different attitudes, despite the law on executive management of medical waste, to create software, to analyze and calculate the process of methods available in hospitals and medical centers, and then to contradict the cases with this law, and then in the idea stage. By following the legal procedures in hospitals and medical centers, we reach an initial flowchart and DFD of the initial stage of work.
According to the Law on Executive Management of Medical Waste, which describes in detail about 9 chapters, except for the chapter on transportation, which itself is divided into two parts: intra-organizational transportation (transportation within the hospital and medical center) And out-of-organization transportation (transfer of waste from a special medicine to a normal one from a hospital or medical center to landfills or incinerators) is all the responsibility of the management of hospitals, clinics and medical centers.
System Establishment goals
1. Availability of accurate waste disposal data from health centers to the waste management organization
2. Separation of the type of waste delivered from health centers with infectious segmentation, sharp and winning, chemical and pharmaceutical and normal waste
3. Avoid the shortcomings of health organizations in creating mixes in a variety of medical waste
4. Receive the cost of transporting and harboring health wastes from its manufacturers
5. Creation of a database of health centers, hospitals, clinics, laboratories, injection centers, radiology, dentistry, physiotherapy, offices and other centers for the production of medical waste
6. Achieving the goal of maintaining environmental health through the management of the waste management organization against these types of wastes
7. Organizing contractors carrying these types of waste to evacuation sites
8. Organizing contractor vehicles for these types of waste by creating a software and hardware mechanism to prevent the introduction of these types of waste into the processing centers and disassembly sites
Advantages
According to the experiences of analysts in Hico Engineering Company and determining the needs of municipal waste management organizations in the establishment of software systems, Hico Engineering Company with the attitude of creating a database of departments playing roles in this important process of its activities Begins.
With the connection between these databases, it manages the correct and lawful management of this type of waste, so first we create a database of waste transport machines. Then, the contractors with this type of machines start operating after organizing and receiving membership cards and activity cards along with the required permits.
On the other hand, we organize health centers by identifying them in detail, including: hospitals, clinics, health centers, laboratories, injection centers, radiologists, dentists, physiotherapists and offices.
By sending experts in diagnosing and estimating the amount of waste in these centers by registering information in the software, create permits issued for these centers and according to the estimated waste and approvals of the city council to receive waste management costs in this We will issue a waste card for these centers.
By assigning a contractor (which consequently also assigns machines) to these centers in a license, the connection between the generated waste and the waste that enters the evacuation site is also specified. In such a way that in a license, the specifications of the hospital and treatment center are included along with the contractor and its machines, and the volume of waste received from the treatment center is specified, and then by entering the site after measuring their weight or volume, they are connected to the hardware. With the software and its adaptation to the stated weight and volume (ie the waste generated with the waste delivered to the site) is directed directly to the incinerator sites and landfill sites.
The use of scales hardware systems, license plate readers and RFID readers to identify vehicles entering the evacuation sites is one of the unique advantages of this system, so that transport machines with license plate or tag specifications are systematic. And is detected without user intervention and when entering the site by complying with the issued licenses, the personnel errors are close to zero.
Possibilities
Manufacturers of medical waste must submit the final four types of waste, described in detail above, to the Waste Management Organization with full specifications and specified packaging, along with the type of waste label with the specified volume. Here are some features and characteristics of medical waste segregation:
If the type of waste is infectious, they should be collected in durable plastic bags marked in yellow with the label "Infectious", date of collection, details of the medical center and hospital, and the waste collection contractor located in hospitals or medical centers. Be.
"Sharp and winning" wastes must be marked "Sharp and winning biohazard" in containers approved by the Safety Box Standards Institute in safe containers marked in yellow containers with a red lid, along with all specifications. General as stated above.
"Chemical and pharmaceutical" wastes should be identified in white or brown containers labeled "chemical and pharmaceutical" along with all of the general specifications listed above.
Finally, "normal" waste is delivered in black durable plastic bags labeled "normal" to the waste management organization.
It should be noted that all this waste should be stored in yellow, white or brown, blue plastic lids after doing the above. For infectious and sharp cases, yellow containers are considered, for chemical and pharmaceutical wastes, white or brown containers are considered, and for normal wastes, blue containers are considered.
It should be noted that according to research conducted by the Ministry of Health and Medical Education, about 75 to 90% of the waste in health centers is normal waste and from 10 to 25% of the remaining waste is special medical waste.
Necessity
One of the most important concepts in software production is to determine the scope of the project, so determining the scope of the project in medical waste management software includes a department whose executive responsibility is with the waste management organizations of the country's municipalities, so with this introduction bottlenecks We consider the delivery of waste from hospitals, clinics and medical centers as the primary inputs of these software production processes.
Presents sections of the "Rules and Methods of Executive Management of Medical Waste and Related Waste", such as: Objectives, definitions, limits of authority, decontamination and settlement, which are the responsibility of the relevant bodies of the Ministry of Health, Treatment and Medical Education. We consider the assumption of implementation according to the law and turn to the topics of standardization for the delivery of waste from the medical center to the municipal waste management organizations.
One of the common chapters in the implementation of this law is the unification in the classification of medical waste, their separation, classification and collection, which must be implemented and observed by the relevant bodies of the Ministry of Health and Medical Education, and then in specific packages. And defined in full compliance with the existing rules in the management of this type of waste in this section, to deliver medical waste to the Municipal Waste Management Organization.
So far, we have reached a preliminary conclusion, which is that according to the table of classification of special medical waste, there are 9 types of special medical waste and a normal waste, and in another division in Article 13 of this law in the fifth chapter of medical waste producer. Is obliged to divide its waste into four categories, the first three of which summarize 9 items of special medical waste classification, which include "infectious", "sharp and winning", "chemical and pharmaceutical", and the fourth part of the waste. it is normal. Thus, the joint expression of the Municipal Waste Management Organization of the whole country with medical centers and hospitals producing special medical waste is four categories of waste called "infectious", "sharp and winning", "chemical and pharmaceutical" and "normal".